Betty, portrait of Miss Elizabeth Cary Elwes

In 1929 Philip Wilson Steer sat by the fire in his dining room at 109 Cheyne Walk. He was entertaining the young John Rothenstein, aspiring critic and future director of the Tate Gallery. ‘I have a studio upstairs’, he confessed, ‘but I always prefer to work here’. His paintings leaning against the walls, the young writer noted, were ‘completely in harmony with the eighteenth century furniture, the pieces of china, enamel and bronze’, that adorned the room, and which had been collected with ‘the most subtle discernment’. (J.K.M. Rothenstein, A Pot of Paint, Artists of the 1890s, 1929, reprint, New York, 1970, p. 140.) It was as if, now approaching seventy, the great pioneer of British Impressionism was permanently sunk in reverie. For years Steer had been on a path of his own making and his work had explored the expressive roots of landscape painting in Constable’s sketches and Turner’s Liber Studiorum, he had revisited the rococo decorators in commissions for the houses of clients such as Cyril Butler, and quoted from Gainsborough in portraits such as that of Mrs Geoffrey Blackwell (see lot 94). He was nevertheless, no pasticheur. His erudition was ever complemented by a depth of understanding that made each new foray, uniquely personal.

In his fifties, during the years of the Great War, when a small sketch of the five-year-old daughter of an army officer was required, there were, however, other profound recollections that crowded his palette. Back in 1892 he had received a similar request for the portrait of A Young Girl in a White Dress (Manchester City Art Galleries). This chimed with the current project in several important ways. The girl, in both cases had light auburn hair held with ribbons, and after the fashion of the day, she wore a broad sash tied at the waist. She was to be simply presented in half-length, and what the earlier, smaller picture lacked in characterisation, was compensated here by closer observation of the girl’s face. This child had a strong personality that would carry her to great responsibilities as an A.T.S. girl in the Second World War.

The daughter of an officer in the Royal Horse Artillery and his Irish wife, Elisabeth Cary Elwes (1912-2005, aka ‘Betty’) spent the years of the Great War with relatives while her father served on the Western Front and her mother worked as a cook in a military hospital. (Biographical information concerning Elisabeth Cary Eason is extracted from an account supplied by her son.) The present portrait was commissioned in 1917 by members of the family at the time when her father was invalided out of the army. After the war Lieutenant-Colonel Elwes and his wife intended to run a stud farm in Ireland, but because of the mounting unrest leading up to the Civil War, opted for Oakdale Farm, near Dorking in Surrey, where ‘Betty’ lived until her death.

During the Second World War, like her mother, she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service (A.T.S.) as a cook, before moving up the ranks to command an anti-aircraft gun emplacement protecting the Rolls Royce aero-engine works in Derby. It was while in Derby that she met her future husband, Cyril George Eason, a farmer’s son. Following the re-conquest of northern France and the Low Countries, Betty was posted to Brussels to help shore up its air defences. Thereafter she moved to Germany with the rank of Colonel in charge of all A.T.S. personnel. Mentioned in dispatches on three occasions, she was awarded an M.B.E. for her war service.

Betty was demobbed in August 1946, married Eason, and they had three children. After a short period in Derbyshire however, she returned to Oakdale to look after her ailing father. Her husband then sold his farm, moved south and the family were re-united. The decline in British agriculture during the 1980s brought hard times for the Easons, although Betty heroically hung on to Oakdale after her husband’s death in 1992. She outlived him by a further thirteen years.

Sadly, Betty’s childhood memories of the tall, grey, overweight artist remain unrecorded. Even in his fifties, Steer remained shy, silent and save for a few close friends and patrons, solitary. The Slade School of Fine Art provided all of the society he required. In Betty, however, there was ample excuse for flights of fancy – for echoes of Joshua Reynolds’, Penelope Boothby aged 4, 1788 (Private Collection) or Thomas Lawrence’s Miss Murray, 1824-6 (Kenwood), both of which were commonly available as engravings. Wisely, he resisted these temptations to indulge in sentiment. As in A Young Girl in a White Dress, there was one more austere master who remained Steer’s exemplar. This was Velázquez. Back in the 1890s new works by the Spanish master were being added to the national collection and the new critics – George Moore, D.S. MacColl and R.A.M. Stevenson – who supported Steer, were all admirers. Stevenson went so far as to hail Velázquez as the forerunner of all modern tendencies in painting. As a regular visitor to the Wallace Collection, Steer would of course, have been familiar with what Stevenson hailed as the ‘dignity’ of the master’s technique and in Betty he nudges towards his own Infanta. MacColl, in the first draft of his monograph on Steer was moved to quote Reynolds on the Spanish master – ‘What we are all trying to do, he does at once’. (D.S. MacColl, ‘Steer’, Artwork, no. 17, Spring 1929, p. 21.) The same, he claimed, could be said of Steer by any of the young tyros who were emerging from the Slade.

We are grateful to Professor Kenneth McConkey for his assistance in preparing this catalogue entry.