MID-20TH CENTURY

Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa, (1924 -1969) also known by the press as 'King Freddie', was Mutesa II, kabaka (ruler) of the East African state of Buganda (now part of Uganda) from 1939. In 1953 he was deposed by the British during the 'Kabaka crisis' when Buganda demanded independence, only to return in 1955 as a constitutional monarch with a great deal of influence in the Buganda government. In 1966 he was finally ousted by Prime Minister Milton Obote. When Mutesa tried to foment discontent between the traditionally stateless northerners and the southern “kingdom” members, Obote suspended the constitution. The conflict escalated rapidly, and in 1966 Mutesa was forced to flee to Britain, where he died in exile.

Interestingly, Lord Snowdon's uncle, Oliver Messel was one of "King Freddie's" great champions. Oliver Messel worked alongside many black artists and perfomers, many of whom became close friends, in contrast to his class and time. When Mutesa was desposed in 1953, Oliver attempted to rent a flat in Mayfair for his friend, which was blocked by the landlord, illustrating the racism in 1950s Britain. Oliver, undeterred, began an extensive letter campaign to establishment figures and many Members of Parliament against the injustice. Mutesa was eventually returned to his position and Oliver and his partner Vagn Riis Hansen were invited to Buganda to attend the signing of a new treaty.