Thérésa Tallien, born Juana María Ignacia Teresa de Cabarrús y Galabert, was a Spanish-born French noblewoman who became an influential figure during the French Revolution. After divorcing her first husband, Jean Jacques Devin Fontenay, Marquis de Fontenay in 1791, she became romantically involved with Jean Lambert Tallien. During the Reign of Terror, the couple were denounced by Maximilien Robespierre for their efforts to protect many targeted individuals from the guillotine. In 1794, Thérésa herself was imprisoned, leading to Tallien’s opposition to Robespierre, and resulting in the latter’s arrest and execution. Thérésa's role in Robespierre's demise earned her the name Notre-Dame de Thermidor (Our Lady of Thermidor).

Following the Terror, Thérésa became a prominent figure in Parisian society, known for her influential salons. She also became a fashion icon, adopting rising neoclassical styles. In 1802, she divorced Tallien and became involved with several prominent men, including Paul Barras. Finally, Thérésa married François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet, Comte de Caraman and Prince of Chimay in 1805. She moved away from Paris, and from public life, to the Château de Chimay in present-day Belgium, where she spent her remaining years.