Lot 138
Lot 138
ALLEMAGNE DU SUD, XVIIe SIÈCLE

Coupe couverte hexagonale sur pied

Estimate
EUR 25,000 - EUR 35,000
Closed: 14 Jun 2024
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ALLEMAGNE DU SUD, XVIIe SIÈCLE

Coupe couverte hexagonale sur pied

Closed: 14 Jun 2024
Closed: 14 Jun 2024
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ALLEMAGNE DU SUD, XVIIe SIÈCLE
Coupe couverte hexagonale sur pied
ivoire d'éléphant tourné et sculpté, le couvercle surmonté d'un étagement de pétales, l'intérieur à membrane et décor d'étoile, le pied étagé à colonnettes et corolles
H. totale 24,8 cm (934 in.) ; D. 11 cm (414 in.)
Provenance
Collection privée.
FURTHER DETAILS
A TURNED AND CARVED ELEPHANT IVORY HEXAGONAL COVERED CUP, SOUTH GERMAN, 17th CENTURY

The art of ivory is an enduring tradition, of which Antiquity, the Byzantine Empire and the Middle Ages are full of splendid examples. Master ivory turners appeared in Europe at the end of the 16th century, probably as a result of the resupply of ivory thanks to the improvement of sea routes. The Milanese artist Giovanni Ambrogio Maggiore (1550-1617) is considered to be the inventor of this technique, which was quickly spread in Europe by his pupils. The Tour is a machine with a wheel that is set in motion to work a material such as wood, ivory, horn, etc. This art of turning was then brought to its highest degree of perfection in the 17th century in Germany. Master ivory turners were highly sought after and worked mainly for the royal courts. Thus, Georg Wecker, Egidius Lobenigk and Jacob Zeller worked at the Saxon court from the end of the 16th to the beginning of the 17th century. They were skilful craftsmen with a scientific mind and developed the tools needed for turning themselves. Each ivory work requires the use of a multitude of special and adapted tools as well as a thorough knowledge of mathematics in order to obtain the desired sophisticated and complex shapes of great geometric perfection.

The art of turning was also a princely pastime and part of the education of high society. Elector Augustus I of Saxony (1526-1586) practised this prestigious art and also initiated his son. In France, this art is often associated with the art of tabletterie, as indicated in the Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (Neuchâtel, 1765, p. 484 for the definition of 'Tourneur'). King Louis XVI (1754-1793) and his brothers, the Comte de Provence (1755-1824) and the Comte d’Artois (1757-1836), had practised this discipline. Dedicated books, treatises and manuals also appeared, testifying to the extraordinary enthusiasm for this art, which was both mechanical and mathematical. We can cite Father Charles Plumier’s (1646-1701) L'Art de tourner, ou de faire en perfection toutes sortes d'ouvrages au tour (first published in 1701) or Johann Martin Teuber's, Vollständiger Unterricht Von Der gemeinen und höheren Dreh-Kunst (Complete teaching of the art of the turning, 1740) or Louis-Éloi Bergeron's Manuel du tourneur revised and expanded in 1816.
These prestigious turned ivory objects were kept in cabinets of curiosities.

The cabinet of curiosities, called Studiolo in Italian, Kunstkammer (art room) or Wunderkammer (wonder room) in German, appeared during the Renaissance. The term cabinet refers to both a specially furnished room and a piece of valuable furniture where all sorts of unusual objects were displayed.
The cabinet of curiosities is conceived as a microcosm of the world, a vision of Creation in abbreviated form. The classification of an accumulation of objects is first and foremost personal, each curious person organising his or her own theatre of the world. Curiosities are chosen for their remarkable appearance and rarity, and can be of natural or artificial origin, i.e. created by the hand of man. Among the curiosities, turned ivory works were particularly sought after.
Princes and powerful people were the first to design these fabulous and intimate places, accessible to a privileged few. The most famous cabinets of curiosities are those of Francesco I de Medici (1541-1587) in Florence, of Rudolf II (1552-1612) in Vienna and of Augustus II the Strong (1670-1733) in Dresden. However, the cabinet of curiosities was not only the prerogative of princes and the same desire to accumulate marvels was found among apothecaries, nobles, ecclesiastics, doctors, travellers and merchants, each of whom organised their collection according to their personal tastes and financial means. The cabinet of curiosities of the Neapolitan apothecary Ferrante Imperato (1550-1625) is a famous example. That of Nicolas Grollier de Servière (1596-1689) is certainly one of the most interesting for our subject. The son of a Receveur des Finances, he was an engineer and inventor, and created a cabinet around techniques such as the art of turning, which he practised himself and for which he had a Recueil d'ouvrages curieux (...) published in 1719, illustrated with numerous engraved plates. He received important personalities in his cabinet, including Louis XIV.

In the Siècle des Lumières, the cabinet of curiosities became more standardised, with a more scientific focus, each room having its own speciality. For example, the Green Vault in Dresden had a room dedicated exclusively to ivory objects, which was opened to the public in 1729. The classification and methodical arrangement of the rooms in the Green Vault make it a precursor of our current museums.
Brought to you by
Bérénice VerdierAssociate Specialist
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